Compassion fatigue is a condition that often affects caregivers, such as people caring for a loved one at home, and those in the helping professions, such as nursing, medicine, social work and so on. It is most common in people who have a high commitment to caring for others at the expense of themselves. People who are both taking care of others, plus trying to handle high stress situations are especially vulnerable to compassion fatigue.
Compassionate professionals and caregivers tend to be strong people. They are often asked to take on more than the average person would be expected to handle. Because of their compassionate nature, they tend to say yes when asked to help another, even when their own resources are low. This can lead to a loss of balance between caring for others and self-care.
Research shows that long-term exposure to people in severe pain, suffering, or trauma is often linked to compassion fatigue. Family members may be responsible for an aged parent or a child with extraordinary medical needs. Nurses and other professionals at risk work in burn units, oncology, hospice and other areas where patients have prolonged suffering or extreme trauma.
Two factors that contribute to compassion fatigue are long-term or chronic exposure to extreme suffering and the lack of awareness or attention to the gradually increasing signs of fatigue. Additional factors in the healthcare work setting include lack of organizational support, overwhelming workload due to short staffing, and the tendency for caring professionals to tend to the needs of others to the point of ignoring their own needs. Nursing staff, for example, may be unable to take meal breaks and even find it difficult to get away to use the bathroom.
Compassion fatigue does not happen overnight; it happens over time. The strong value for serving others to the detriment of one’s own health, while working under chronic stressful conditions is a formula for fatigue that contributes to medical errors.
A person who is developing compassion fatigue is often not able to see what is happening. It’s a nurse manager, a coworker or someone in close relationship to the caregiver who is in the best position to identify the signs of compassion fatigue.
Signs of compassion fatigue can include:
• Preoccupation and lack of attention to detail
• Poor concentration, focus, and judgment
• Complaining about or not wanting to come to work or about the needs of a loved one you are caring for at home
• Worrying about patients on days off
• Memory issues
• Loss of objectivity
• Emotional oversensitivity
• Emotional out bursts or mood swings
• Visible frustration or anxiety
• Avoidance or desensitization
• Weight gain
• Low energy
• Sleep deprivation
• Exhaustion
With the proper help a person can recover from compassion fatigue. The first step in recovery is to recognize that there’s a problem. The next step is to get appropriate help. Learning how to care and be compassionate, while maintaining clear boundaries is a skill most caregivers have never learned. The person will need to put in place effective daily self-care habits, recognize emotional and physical cues and learn to set limits.
Today’s healthcare environment can feel overwhelming at times for professional and personal caregivers. It’s important for staff to recognize that when they take on more than their share of the burden, the need for more help may not be seen. A compassionate person who is out of balance actually creates more problems. A burned out caregiver at home may need respite care, or a break, more than she realizes. (Women are more often in the caregiver role than men.)
Tips for preventing compassion fatigue
• Established daily health habits for eating regularly drinking water and taking deep breaths periodically
• Build enjoyable movement or exercise into your week.
• Create an environment and rituals for adequate sleep
• Express your emotions through art, journaling, or talking with a trusted friend
• Know your limits and don’t compromise quality care by exceeding your limits.
• Notice what energizes you and what drains your energy. Let this knowledge guide your choices.
• Create opportunities for talking about difficult situations.
• Learn to recognize the signs of compassion fatigue in yourself and others.
• Seek professional counseling or guidance when needed
• Value self-care for yourself and encourage self-care in others
We cannot afford to lose our most caring and compassionate people to the risks of compassion fatigue. It’s important to remember the advice we are given every time we fly in a plane. “Put your mask on first!” We are not told to ignore the other person. We are only cautioned to be sure that our own resources are adequate when we reach out to help them. This is good advice in every caregiving situation.
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Aila Accad, RN, MSN is an award-winning international speaker, bestselling author and certified coach and EFT advanced practitioner & trainer, who specializes in quick ways to release stress and empower your life. A member of the National Speakers Association, she is a popular keynote speaker and radio and television guest. Her bestselling book “34 Instant Stress-Busters, Quick tips to de-stress fast with no extra time or money” is available at www.stressbustersbook.com. Sign up for De-Stress Tips & News at www.ailaspeaks.com and receive a gift, “Ten Instant Stress Busters” e-book. learn how to stay healthy and be an informed patient. Receive your free digital monthly magazine, Avoid Medical Errors magazine at www.avoidmedicalerrors.com.